The skeleton was found during the restoration work on an ancient temple found on the Cycladic island, located close to Antiparos, Archaeology News Network reports. The contracted position of the buried skeleton in the natural ground led archaeologists to assume that it is a worker who was working on the north temple wall. Yiannos Kouragios of the Cyclades Ephorate of Antiquities, who works at the site said:

"The remains likely belong to a worker, because he was buried without offerings. He seems to have died during work on the north wall in 550 BC and buried at that point.”

Representation of the temple, with its restaurant, courtyard and sections of the buildings that had been uncovered up until 2012. The picture of the site has since changed, mainly to the south side (bottom left of the second picture above), where some 16 buildings have come to light.

Restoration work on the temple has been completed for this year. All eight pillars have been completed and two new thresholds have been put in the temple and the adjoining ritual restaurant, a pilaster has been built and also an intermediate wall for reinforcement purposes.

The Despotiko ancient sanctuary that is under restoration is the largest in the Cyclades after the one on Delos, another uninhabited island. Regarding the pillars that were not found, Kouragios believes that:

"Most of them were taken by the Venetians to build their castle on Antiparos.”

It was often that Mediterranean peoples were raiding these islands in the Middle Ages, stealing pillars and marbles, he said. According to scientists, Paros, Antiparos and Despotiko were joined thousands of years ago.

The skeleton has been sent for anthropological examination.
The Gods have proclaimed laws; ethical guidelines at least. They can be followed to a tee and if one does, one might expect the Gods to reward that person. I think we all expect that, deep down. Euripides, after all, in 'Elektra' had Castor proclaim the following at the very end:
 
"As we go through the plains of the air,
we do not come to the aid of those who are polluted;
but we save and release from severe hardships
those who love piety and justice in their ways of life.
And so, let no one wish to act unjustly,
or set sail with perjurers; as a god,
I give this address to mortals." [1341]

And yet, some of the Gods' most loyal followers seem unable to ever catch a break. They struggle with health, money, friendships, love... and along the way, they begin to doubt. They might doubt themselves at first--question if they are, indeed, practicing right, if they are, indeed, pleasing the Gods--and then the Gods. They might question their fairness, Their judgement... and perhaps Their very existence. It is, after all, the age old question: why do the Gods take care of some but not of others? We are not the first to ponder this. Xenophon, in 'Oeconomicos' wrote:'

"I seem to realise that, while the gods have made it im-
possible for men to prosper without knowing and
attending to the things they ought to do, to some of
the wise and careful they grant prosperity, and to
some deny it." [11.8]

No one has a clear cut answer. Even the ancient Hellenes accepted this faith as was. Xenophon goes on to say:

"...and therefore I begin by worshipping
the gods, and try to conduct myself in such a way
that I may have health and strength in answer to
my prayers, the respect of my fellow-citizens, the
affection of my friends, safety with honour in war,
and wealth increased by honest means." [11.8]

So why do we do it? Why do we foollow proper practice? Why do we sacrifice and labour like Xenophon wrote? Antiphon, in his 'On the Choreutes' says it best, I feel:

"Most of the life of man rests upon hope;
and by defying the gods
and committing transgressions against them,
he would rob himself even of hope,
the greatest of human blessings." [5]
We all know Ares is connected to warfare. He is the Olympian God of war, battlelust, courage and (the enforcement of) civil order. While he's usually outshadowed by Athena in combat (especially in works like the Iliad) and is often seen as being rscued by hHer or defering to Her, there is no denying that He is the personifiction of the raging battle, the copper in the air as blood is spilled, the bone chilling reaction to the battlecry. On the other hand, He is also the God who protects from battle, who trains warriors, who acts as their sword and shield once the charge starts. He is the enforcer of law, the protector of the innocent and the slayer of the unjust. No one would argue Ares' claim to the title 'Lord of War'. I wonder, though, if there are those who would argue me the same title for Aphrodite.

Aphrodite, most usually, is considered solely the Goddess of love, beauty, pleasure and procreation. In varios city-states--most notably Sparta--however, Aphrodite was linked to Ares through a bond of love and lust and became a war Goddess in Her own right. The most notable epithet linked to this aspect of Her is Areia (Αρεια), like all 'Of Ares' or 'Warlike'. Other epithets that refer to this aspect of Her are 'Bringer of Victory' (Nikêphoros, Νικηφορος) and 'Armed' (Hôplismenê, Ὡπλισμενη).

Statues and depictions of an armored--and armed--Aphrodite have been found in port cities, supporting textual evidence that she was known as a guardian of naval officers and a protector of civil law. She was a common Goddess for magistrates and other political figures to worship and perform sacrifices to, as it was thought She would bless them with harmony and a peaceful relationship with their subjects. In the writings of Aristotle, there is mention of a particular group of civil authorities called the gynaikonomoi, who worship Aphrodite. These civic officials were charged with the regulation of women’s appearance, dress, and actions in public and ensuring their proper treatment.

That love and war are closely linked is well known and reflects even in our modern language. Aphrodite's role as a Goddess of war is further solidified by the children She had with Ares: Phobos (Φόβος, fear), Deimos (Δεῖμος, dread), Adrestia (Ἀδρήστεια, She who cannot be escaped) and Harmonia (Ἁρμονία, the Goddess of harmony and concord). they joined Their father's retinu and accompanied Him onto the battlefield. Simply by being Their mother, She became associated with their domains, too.

I have always considered Ares and Aphrodite the Lord and Lady of war and the enforcement of law(fulness). Athena, of course, is the prime strategist, the cold calculator who overlooks the battlefield and plans the battle ahead. She thrusts with skill and techniue, detached and determined. Yes, she is a Goddess of war but above all, she is a Goddess of the mind. War--especially ancient Hellenic war--is about the heart. It's the spark that ignites the battle--the stolen lover, the percieved slight. It is the cry of anguish of a mother now without a child, the destruction of home and hearth, it is the desolation of a child now without parents. War is emotion, it is hot blooded force, it is primal; to me, it is Ares and Aphrodite at Their most extreme.
Another little news round-up because things are shaking, my friends! I, for one, am happy about it. Let's start off with the most gladdening of the news, shall we?


Christie's withdraws disputed Aphrodite statue from auction
Well over two weeks ago, I posted on an ancient statue of Aphrodite of dubious provenance about to be put up for auction at Christie's. Dr. Tsirogiannis, who works as a researcher at the University of Oxford, sent a written report to Interpol and New York Police Department about the statue which appears to be identical to that found in the confiscated archives of Robin Symes, of who 93% of the antiquities sold were illegal.

I am pleased to report that Christie's withdrew the unprovenanced Roman marble figurine from auction last week (October 25). On the occasion of this small victory, the Archaeological News Network present a statement/discussion (posted just before Christie's withdrew the statue) from the European Association of Archaeologists and authored by Dr. Christos Tsirogiannis from the Department of Archaeology at the University of Cambridge, who spotted the piece that is well worth the read. It goes into the details of the statue and Symes. You can read it here.
 
Row over China's Terracotta Warriors
In that same blog post, I talked about the Terracotta Warriors of China and the recently formed theory that the 8,000 statues may have been crafted under the guidance of ancient Hellenic sculptors in 3rd Century BC. Well, the theory has been causing quite the rumble lately! Questioning the warrior's origins touches on deep sensitivities, as many take pride in China's early discovery of world-changing inventions, from gunpowder to the compass and movable type. At the same time its history with the West is fraught with a sense of humiliation over the colonies and concessions established in the 19th century.
 
The theories put forward by art historian Lukas Nickel of the University of Vienna were trumpeted in a recent documentary by National Geographic and the BBC.After the documentary aired last month, netizens blasted the BBC and questioned how the Greeks could have impacted ancient China. Read about the outcry here. A short summary there is not enough evidence for anyone to lay claim to anything, as much as everyone would like to.
The Muses (Μοῦσαι) are either three or nine in number, depending on the source. Plutarch, in his Quaestiones Conviviviales, named three Muses; Melete (Practice), Mneme (Memory), and Aoede (Song), but Hesiod described nine of them in his Theogony; Calliope (epic poetry), Clio (history), Euterpe (flutes and lyric poetry), Thaleia/Thalia (comedy and pastoral poetry), Melpomene (tragedy), Terpsikhore (dance), Erato (love poetry), Polyhymnia/Polymnia (sacred poetry) and Urania (astronomy). Due to the influence of Hesiod, Hómēros and others of their time, it's the nine Muses we now go with.

These nine muses were most often considered born from Zeus and his aunt and fifth wife, Mnemosyne, who was the personification of memory. Their parents are of importance and there is logic behind it: Zeus is the King of the Gods; He rules and inspires all. From Him, the Muses get Their influence over life and it shows how important art in its many forms was to the ancient Hellenes.

Perhaps more telling, however, is who Their mother is. Mnemosyne is a very important and influential Goddess who features heavily in death rites and in the eleusinian Mysteries, especially. Those initiated into the Mysteries would get to drink from Her water once dead and not forget their life like all others would. In the land of the living, memory is of great importance as well: being remembered meant to live forever. Many ancestral rites focussed on the recounting of names and deeds to accomplist that goal and this was done though poetry and song, often accompanied by music and dance. Without Her daughters, Mnemosyne could not fullfil Her primary task: to help mankind remember the honoured dead.

The muses are well represented in both mythology as Hellenic art. Not only does nearly every hero, poet and even some of the Theoi call out for Them when They're in a bind, but there is even a tragic story in which nine young women get turned into birds for their hubris. In this myth, King Pierus, king of Macedon named his nine beautiful and talented daughters after the muses and went on to boast that the Pierides--his daughters--were equal or even better in their arts than the Muses ever were. Needless to say, neither the Muses, nor the Gods took to this kindly. As punishment for his hubris, Pierus had to watch as his beautiful daughters were transformed into Magpies.

Apollon Mousagetēs, an epithet of Apollon, is said to lead the Muses. His name means 'Apollon Muse-leader'. As such, he can be seen depicted on vases and murals with the Muses.


Here is Apollon to the left, followed by the Muses. If I tell you Calliope carries a writing tablet, Clio carries a scroll and books, Erato is often seen with a lyre and/or a crown of roses, Euterpe carries a flute, Melpomene is often seen with a tragic mask, Polyhymnia is often seen with a pensive expression, Terpsichore is often seen dancing and carrying a lyre, Thaleia is often seen with a comic mask and Urania carries a pair of compasses and the celestial globe, how many can you pick out?

Within Hellenismos, worship, libations and offerings to the Muses is an individual choice. If you feel a need to do so--and poets, musicians, writers and other artists might definitely feel that need--do so. I know I do. As did the ancient writers; there is both an Homeric and an Orphic Hymn to the Muses one can use to honor Them. Most often, however, They will be called to in times of need--and that need can be anything, from giving a funeral orration to presenting a rapport in school. Any time when you need to perform your best, by word or instrument or dance, pray and sacrifice to the Muses and hope They hear you.
We are proud to announce that Pandora's Kharis members have come through for the American Friends of the Blind in Greece! Together, they have raised $ 65,- to help support this very worthy cause.


For over sixty-five years, the American Friends of the Blind in Greece has focused their attention on providing education and services for the blind and visually impaired in Greece. The American Friends of the Blind is committed to connecting people with the resources and knowledge they need to live an active and independent life.

Additionally, The American Friends of the Blind works closely with their sister organization The Lighthouse for the Blind, located in Greece. The Lighthouse for the Blind provides a variety of programs and services to the blind and the visually impaired with the shared goal to give each individual the training and support they need to live an independent and fulfilling life.

They would not be able to provide these critical services without your support. Your donation makes an important difference. Thank you again for your generosity.

From this moment on, the Pandora's Kharis Facebook page is open to pitches. If you do not have Facebook, feel free to pitch your cause in the comments. We will relay the message to the community. Please pitch your cause before November 10th. On to another month of pitching, voting, and giving!
On the day of the Hene kai Nea, I post a monthly update about things that happened on the blog and in projects and organizations related to it. I will also announce Elaion's coming PAT rituals. This month, I am a day late. Sorry!

Changes to the blog:
  • None because I am stupendously behind. Work is kicking my ass! I expect things to settle down this month, though, so I will have more time to bring you premium content!
Statistics:
PAT rituals for Maimakterion:
  • 16/11 - Maimakterion 16 - Maimakteria - festival for Zeus Maimaktes ('Blustering') to be gentle come winter 
  • 20/11 - Maimakterion 10 - Pompaia - festival in honor of Zeus Meilikhios('Kindly') and Hermes
Anything else?
Are you looking for an online shop to buy incenses and other Hellenistic basics from? Try The Hellenic Handmaid on Etsy.